My Life Span Perspective And The Seven Key Assumptions...

In this essay I will be reviewing and discussing my journey, the modern life span perspective and the seven key assumptions that make up development. The four key assumptions that are applicable to my development, and why I decided to study the Bachelor of Social Work degree are development is multidirectional, development involves both gains and losses, development is characterised by lifelong plasticity and development is multiply influenced. My journey so far has contained different seasons and paths that my family and I have had to walk through, most of them leading to my decision to study Social Work. On February 24th 2014, a tragedy struck my family which shook the beliefs and values I had developed over my life. We awoke to the news that my cousin Luke had been killed on the way to work by a drunk driver. Due to this I was saturated with grief, loss, heartache and confusion. Although this has been a desert season in my life, God has been faithful and covered me with his love and grace. I learnt what ‘having faith’ really meant through this experience and what trust in God looked like. Most of the time we do not understand why particular things happen in our world, but there was a point that I came too where I had to decide, whether I was going to let it define my life in a negative way, and hold me back, or whether I was going to use it to propel myself forward. Although I have chosen to use it for good , and to help others, there are still days where the grief andShow MoreRelatedThe Modern Life Span Perspective Essay1969 Words   |  8 Pagesbelieve that a person s current position in life is the result of a combination of their experiences and interacting influences. This can occur from infancy through very old age, even before birth. For example, career choices can be affected by personal experiences or inborn abilities. This may be from the individual or the influence of adult role models, which can be positive or negative. According to Sigelman, Rider, De George-Walker (2013), human development is shown to be very complex, with manyRead MoreLife Span Development Reflective Paper5968 Words   |  24 PagesLife Span Development Reflective Paper Introduction Brenda Watson Leadership Coaching September 19, 2010 This has been a very fascinating journey from prenatal, birth to old age. The goal of this paper is to show how my knowledge and understanding of life span development has increased, as well as demonstrate how this knowledge and understanding will apply to and can be used within my area of specialization, Leadership Coaching. As a Social Worker, I have had the opportunity to work withRead MoreA Consultancy Report Prepared for Anthony’s Orchard6106 Words   |  25 Pageswhile enhancing capabilities by having the right manpower output and efficient equipment. Anthony’s Orchard over the years have been growing and because they have attempted to use technology, financial and customer relationships as areas where development must be achieved, they have decided to take new steps and measures into making the company a larger one with huge revenue turn around. Over the last decade, they have invested in making the company a bigger one and at the same time creating smallerRead MoreSpiritual Formation Across the Lifespan Essay7723 Words   |  31 PagesCHAPTER 9 SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT Hope Haslam Straughan Within the social work profession, there is a growing movement affirming that spirituality and religious beliefs are integral to the nature of the person and have a vital influence on human behavior (Hugen, 1998). Canda (1988) identifies spirituality as a basic aspect of human experience, both within and outside the context of religious institutions. If a social worker is going to approach a person in a holistic manner, he or she must be willingRead MoreManagement History Essay10156 Words   |  41 Pagesreduced to a cookbook listing of dos and donts. Dont fall into that trap. If the history of management teaches us anything, it is that management practices must change to suit the particular situation facing the manager. The key to success is to be aware of the key variables in any management situation and to apply those concepts and techniques which are most likely to succeed. The following example at Hovey and Beard Company shows what can happen when mana gers fail to consider all the variablesRead MoreDeveloping Manager4362 Words   |  18 PagesOrganizational Culture 2 1.3.1 Types of Culture 2 1.3.2 Factors influencing changes in culture 2 2.0 Prospective Manager 2 2.1 Skill Audit 2 2.2 Personal SWOT Analysis 2 2.3 Development Plan 2 3.0 Roles and Responsibility 2 3.1 Roles 2 3.2 Responsibilities 2 4.0 Career Development 2 4.1 Career Development Plan 2 5.0 References 2 Task 1 1.0 Principal and practice of management behaviour When we consider any field like hospitality, travel, tourism there should be proper managementRead MoreFinal Answers 1 Essay12505 Words   |  51 Pages chocolate, bread, yogurt, caviar) tangible, no service component and could be stored. 100% service – counseling (accounting logistics) – intangible, knowledge based, not stored and hard to automate. 4. Mass customization and rapid product development were identified as current trends in modern manufacturing operations. What is the relationship, if any, between these trends? Can you cite any examples? Mass Customization is personalization of products and services for individual customers atRead MoreSantrock Edpsych Ch0218723 Words   |  75 Pages02-EdPsy-Chap02-6123 8/22/06 2 3:33 PM Page 32 Physical and Cognitive Development Preview Examining the shape of children’s development allows us to understand it better. Every childhood is distinct, and is the first chapter in a new biography. This chapter is about children’s physical and cognitive development. These are some of the questions we will explore: †¢ Do children develop in distinct stages, or is their development smoother and more continuous? †¢ How do children develop physically, andRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of workRead MoreTechnical Analysis on Banking Sector9477 Words   |  38 PagesMngesh Gaikwad hereby declare that the project entitled â€Å"Technical Analysis on Banking Sector† carried out at Satvik Investments And Securities is a genuine work of M.B.A. (Finance) 2nd year course of North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon. To the best of my knowledge any part of this context has not been submitted earlier for any Degree, Diploma or Certificate Examination. Mr. Mangesh Gaikwad

Essay on The Lincoln Administration Pursuit of Freedom

The Lincoln Administration Pursuit of Freedom There are many ways to describe what freedom is; in fact Webster’s dictionary offers nine different explanations of what the word means. â€Å"A right or the power to engage in certain actions without control or interference,† is one of the most ubiquitous definitions. There are many ways to describe freedom and American history has portrayed it in very contradictory manners. In the late 1700’s, it was very obvious that America’s forefathers sought freedom as they based their revolution on the principal of emancipation but it was only a short while later that the freedoms of others within the country were being inhibited by slavery. Slavery inhibits civil liberties and in a land of equal†¦show more content†¦The opposition grew steadily with no unified leader until 1854 when a politician associated with the contemporary Whig party declared his opposition to the Kansas and Nebraska Act. That man’s name was Abraham Lincoln and he based his po litical career around the abolition of slavery. He opposed the Kansas and Nebraska Act because it gave each state the right to choose whether to make itself a slave state or not. This countered the former ways of the Missouri Act established in 1820 which declared a line of latitude to distinguish whether a new territory would be slave free or not. His main opposition was Steven Douglas who had ratified the Kansas and Nebraska Act. Douglas saw slavery as a strictly political dilemma but Lincoln found it to be a profound moral issue as well. Lincoln stated that the act would be fine if it did not compare black men to pigs and horses with this he declared that â€Å"slavery was incompatible with America democracy.† Abraham eloquently explained himself by reasoning, â€Å"If a Negro is a man, when then my ancient faith teaches me that ‘all men are created equal,’ and that there can be no moral right in connection with one man’s making a slave of another.â₠¬  Later in his Peoria speech he called for the gradual abolishment of slavery. Lincoln’s views did not get him elected on many occasions but he never stopped his conquest to have justice for all. In 1856, after the Whig party diminished,Show MoreRelatedLincoln Movie Leadership Analysis1380 Words   |  6 PagesCommunication 4008 8 December 2015 Lincoln Essay The year is 1865 and the Civil War death toll has risen just over six-hundred-thousand men. The freedoms sought out by our nation’s founders, now jeopardized by the secession of eleven states from the Union. The fate of The United States of America now laid upon the broad shoulders of our nations sixteenth commander-in-chief, President Abraham Lincoln. In a term marked by the burden of complete social upheaval, Abraham Lincoln was our nation’s foremost leaderRead MoreEssay about The Reconstruction Era: The Planted Seeds1231 Words   |  5 Pagesnew birth of freedom† (Baslor). These wise words of Abraham Lincoln cleared the way of a desolate trail of violence and pain, yet he was determined to accomplish his plans of abolishing slavery and creating equality. The Civil War, began in 1861 and ended in 1865, yet it was known as one of the bloodiest wars America has ever walked through compared to other American Wars (â€Å"Civil War Facts†). After the Civil W ar the Reconstruction Era rose up and flourished into a luminous path of freedom for slavesRead MoreA Rhetorical Analysis: of I Have a Dream Essay1484 Words   |  6 Pagesthis he makes an allusion to Abraham Lincoln’s 1863 Gettysburg Address. Earlier that year, Lincoln passed the Emancipation Proclamation to free all slaves in the United States, so he became known as an advocate against segregation. Referencing a speech that Lincoln gave, makes people realize that one of the most respected men in American history did not agree with segregation. In addition to alluding Lincoln, King makes a strong reference to the Declaration of Independence to show that the documentRead MoreInfluence Of Slavery On American History1351 Words   |  6 Pagesslavery through the 13th amendment to the United States Constitution, slaves and slavery have played an important role in the establishment and economic growth of the United States of America. From its beginning, slavery has divided America on its pursuit of life, liberty and happiness. Separating from its own oppressor on the words â€Å"That all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights†¦ † while still holding these same beliefs and rights from menRead MoreWhat Has President Obama Done? Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pagesline you can tell that Greenberg does not like Obama and does not trust him. He compares Obama to some of the past presidents of America sucks as Lincoln, FDR and Kennedy. He starts with Lincoln by saying how Lincoln is Obama’s favorite president and how some of Obama’s supports pointed out how they were a like. He also says â€Å"Lincoln started his administration on a shaky note.† Then he moves on to Franklin Roosevelt. He starts off with saying how FDR spent the first year just on recovery from the GreatRead More freedom of speech Essay1195 Words   |  5 Pages †Å" Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press† -First Amendment, U.S. Constitution. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;According to the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, one of the basic principles our country is based on is the freedom of speech. Because of this, as eras and ages have passed in this still young and growing country, this amendment has had a greater use then statedRead More Martin Luther King Jrs Impact on the Civil Rights Movement Essay1565 Words   |  7 PagesKing was raised to treat others in the same manner no matter what the circumstances, which lead to his speech that contributed to the civil rights movement and helped change blacks rights (Dyson, 2000). On August 28th, 1963, on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C., the African-American civil-rights movement reached its high potential when Martin Luther King spoke to over 250,000 people attending his March on Washington. King structured his speech on the events that were occurringRead MoreDevry Hist 405 Final Exam - Latest1189 Words   |  5 Pagesthem with tar and feathers. Type: MC Question 6.6. (TCO 2) In the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson refers to the natural rights due to every citizen as (Points : 2) life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. independent liberty. Paine’s freedoms. radical power. Type: MC Question 7.7. (TCO 2) The Patriots would not have won the Battle of Yorktown and the American Revolution without help from (Points : 2) Spanish explorers. Read MoreHist 405 Final Exam Latest Devry1210 Words   |  5 Pagesthe stocks. covering them with tar and feathers. Type: MC Question 6.6. (TCO 2) In the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson refers to the natural rights due to every citizen as (Points : 2) life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. independent liberty. Paine’s freedoms. radical power. Type: MC Question 7.7. (TCO 2) The Patriots would not have won the Battle of Yorktown and the American Revolution without help from (Points : 2) Spanish explorers. Germans. the French. Native AmericansRead MoreEssay on Abraham Lincoln on Slavery2158 Words   |  9 PagesAbraham Lincoln on Slavery Abraham Lincoln was born in 1809, in Hardin County, Kentucky (Abraham Lincoln Slavery and the Civil War, pg. 211, Johnson). Many Americans believe him to be one of the greatest presidents to ever serve in office. One thing that distinguished Lincoln from all the other former presidents was his distinct philosophy on slavery: that it is unfair and unjust to enslave another human being. Lincoln supported his opinion with a simple formula labeled the ‘Fragment on

Critical Review of a Psychology Research Article on Students

Research Issues in Psychology Critical Review of a Research Article Pupils who exhibit gifted characteristics along with another disability are referred to as ‘twice-exceptional students’ (Morrison, 2001; Nielsen 2002). This term is used in the article that I have chosen to review, which analyzes the responses and perceptions through interview, of one particular individual (Andrew) who was identified as being gifted and talented (G/T) and who had emotional and behavioral disabilities (EBD). What the researchers aimed to accomplish through this analysis was a clearer understanding of Andrew’s community and school experiences, as they stated that there was a lack of empirical data focusing upon pupils who displayed such behaviors.†¦show more content†¦Teaching, according to the Teacher’s Training Agency, â€Å"†¦is a job for those who like and respect young people† (2005). Andrew clearly from his responses, suffered during his schooling, and perhaps felt disrespected as a result of being labelled. His pos ition as an educator a number of years later, enable him to look quite critically upon his educators, almost, one could argue with an expert eye. As well as the questions which are raised about the size of the sample that was used, it is also necessary to point out the lack of detail present concerning how the sample was chosen. Andrew’s reflective experiences several years after they occurred surely cannot be as valid as for example, a sample of children displaying twice-exceptional abilities within schools at the time of commencing the research. Perhaps Morrison and Omdal had valid reasons for choosing Andrew as their lone participant, but this detail is missing from their study. There is no evidence either to suggest whether Andrew was de-briefed about the nature of this study, which could prove significant with regard to his responses to the interview questions, especially as he talks with such fervour about his experiences. Since they only had one participant for this research, an interview was an appropriate method to gain access to Andrew’s experiences in school and in the community. An interview as stated in Cohen et alShow MoreRelatedCritical Evaluation1465 Words   |  6 PagesPY1101 – Writing in Psychology APA 6th Edition â€Å"HOW TO† GUIDE In Psychology, we use the formatting guidelines as set out in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), 6th Edition. This is a starter guide to the APA formatting guidelines. This guide is not all-inclusive, but will help get you started for your first assignment. 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In this educational psychology class, I have learned the d ifference between convergent and divergent thinkingRead MoreThe Apa Style Of Writing Has Been In Existence For Over1433 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen recognized as a guide for many important disciplines beyond Psychology including business and education which indicates the standards credibility in the publishing community (Hunsley, 2010). The long tradition of the APA standard establishes the credibility and importance. It has evolved to keep up with modern research and technology. Using the same style as others in your profession allows for peer reviewers to read the article quicker and also have a reference go back to so they ensure dataRead MoreScholarly Writing Essay801 Words   |  4 PagesWalden student in a masters or doctorate program. In this Application, you will critique a sample of scholarly writing and provide feedback on ways to make it more effective. To prepare for this assignment: †¢ Read the following Study Notes: Introduction to Scholarly Writing: Finding a Scholarly Voice; Introduction to Scholarly Writing: Purpose, Audience, and Evidence; Citing a Discussion Posting and Course Study Notes in APA Style; and Citing a Laureate Video in APA Style †¢ Review theRead MoreNetwork And Relational Perspectives For Community Psychology1244 Words   |  5 PagesChristens, B. (2014). Linking the Levels: Network and Relational Perspectives for Community Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brian_Christens/publication/261771586_Linking_the_Levels_Network_and_Relational_Perspectives_for_Community_Psychology/links/557b03bc08aec87640d9b364.pdf Summary In the article â€Å"Linking the Levels: Network and Relational Perspectives for Community Psychology†, networks and relationships have great importance for understanding communities, settingsRead MoreSome Current Dimensions Of Applied Behavior Analysis990 Words   |  4 PagesSome Current Dimensions of Applied Behavior Analysis. Retrieved from ncbi.nlm.nih.gov: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13109980/pdf/jaba00083-0089.pdf Barrish, H. H., Saunders, M., Wolf, M. (2015, 11 6). Good Behavior Game: Effects of Individual Contingencies for GroupConsequences On Disruptive Behavior In A Classroom. Retrieved from Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1311049/pdf/jaba0080-0043.pdf Bruce A. Thyer, P. (n.d.). What Is Evidence-Based Practice? Brief TreatmentRead MoreCriticle Article Review: Violent Video Games Essay1430 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Critical Article Review Psychology 475 Liberty University Abstract The aim of this paper is to provide a critical review of the article The Effect of Video Game Violence on Physiological Desensitization to Real-life Violence by Nicholas L. Carnagey, Craig A. Anderson, and Brad J. Bushman (2007). In this article Carnagey, Ander and Bushman experimentally examine the effects that violent video games have on those playing them, specifically in the area ofRead MoreThe Importance Of An Apology For A Deficient Audit925 Words   |  4 PagesPart 1 , 200-400 words, worth 4% Discuss how both articles review the literature and compare the literature review a; Apology Accepted: The Benefits of an Apology for a Deficient Audit Following an Audit V Failure b; Students Behaviors and Views of Paraphrasing and Inappropriate Textual Borrowing in an EFL Academic Setting Review of literature: The information on the subject is not lacking but the inferences of various investigations are not consistent and differ greatly according to the materialRead MoreAssignment : Critical Thinking Psychology948 Words   |  4 PagesUnit 4 Assignment: Critical Thinking in Psychology Shakirah Tulloch PS 501 August 29, 2017 Kaplan University Critical Thinking in Psychology This paper is based off of a peer reviewed research article. 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Principles of safeguarding and protection in health and social care free essay sample

Physical abuse involving contact planned to cause bodily harm, feelings of intimidation, other physical suffering or injury †¢ Sexual abuse Sexual abuse is the forcing of undesired sexual behavior by one person upon another †¢ Emotional/psychological abuse Emotional/psychological abuse may involve threats or actions to cause mental or physical harm; humiliation; violation †¢ Financial abuse Financial abuse is the illegal or unauthorized use of a person’s money, property, pension book or other valuables. †¢ Institutional abuse Institutional abuse involves failure of an organization to provide appropriate and professional individual services to vulnerable people. It can be seen or detected in processes, attitudes and behavior that amount to discrimination through unwitting prejudice, ignorance, thoughtlessness, stereotyping and rigid systems. †¢ Self neglect Self-neglect is a behavioral condition in which an individual neglects to attend to their basic needs, such as personal hygiene, feeding, clothing, or medical conditions they might have. †¢ Neglect by others Neglect is a passive form of abuse in which the wrongdoer is responsible to provide care, for someone, who is unable to care for oneself, but fails to provide adequate care to meet their needs. We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of safeguarding and protection in health and social care or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Neglect may include failing to provide sufficient supervision, nourishment, medical care or other needs. 1. 2 Physical Abuse Injuries that are the shape of objects Injuries in a variety of stages or injuries that have not received medical attention A person being taken to many different places to receive medical attention Skin infections Dehydration or unexplained weight changes or medication being lost Behavior that indicates that the person is afraid or avoiding the perpetrator Change of behavior Sexual Abuse Sexually transmitted diseases or pregnancy Tears or bruises in genital/anal areas Soreness when sitting Signs that someone is trying to take control of their body image, for example, anorexia, bulimia or self-harm Sexualized behavior Inappropriately dressed Emotional Abuse Difficulty gaining access to the adult on their own The adult not getting access to medical care or appointments with other agencies Low self-esteem or lack of confidence and anxiety Increased levels of confusion Increased urinary or fecal incontinence Sleep disturbance The person feeling/acting as if they are being watched all of the time Decreased ability to communicate Language being used that is not usual for the service user Deference/submission to the perpetrator Financial Sudden loss of assets Unusual or inappropriate financial transactions Visitors whose visits always coincide with the day a person’s benefits are cashed Insufficient food in the house Bills not being paid A sense that the person is being tolerated in the house due to the income they bring in; sometimes with that person not included in the activities the rest of the family enjoys Institutional  treating adults like children arbitrary decision making by staff group, service or organization strict, regimented or inflexible routines or schedules for daily activities such as meal times, bed / awakening times, bathing / washing, going to the toilet lack of choice or options, such as food and drink, dress, possessions, daily activities and social activities lack of privacy, dignity, choice or respect for people as individuals unsafe or unhygienic environmentlack of provision for dress, diet or religious observance in accordance with an individual’s belief or cultural background withdrawing people from individually valued community or family contact Neglect by self or others Malnutrition Rapid or continuous weight loss Not having access to necessary physical aides Inadequate or inappropriate clothing Untreated medical problems Dirty clothing/bedding Lack of personal care 1. 2- Factors may include if the individual has a mental disability such as dementia or not having mental capacity. If the individual is secluded or isolated or are vulnerable. There could also be factors for the abuser which could include the abuser having lack of training, also abusing their power. Sometimes personal issues have a part to play which could include the carer/abuser being stressed or having a history of abuse and continuing the cycle. 2. 1- If there are suspicions that an individual is being abused, or if an individual alleges that they have been abused then I would report this to my immediate line manager and use the whistle blowing technique if appropriate. Some ways to ensure that evidence is preserved can include using plastic bags to hold evidence if there is a likelihood that it may be contaminated, not entering the zone where the crime/abuse has taken place, advising the service user not to wash, gaining original copies of any CCTV tapes that may be available. 2. 2- Stay calm and listen to them, Take what you are being told seriously, Be aware that medical evidence might be needed, Offer them support to help them to stop the abuse happening, make a written note of what you have been told and contact social services or the police Depends on the age of the individual, if it is an adult call the local police if a minor call CPS If someone tells you they are a victim of abuse, take what they seriously, stay calm, and listen to them, if possible make a written or recorded account , which should be dated and signed, you should also make them aware that medical evidence might be required, offer them help and support to stop the abuse from continuing, and then contact either the police or social services. 2. 3- The most common type of evidence available to the investigator is statements made by the victim, witness(es), alleged perpetrator, and collateral(s). Statements may be collected and documented by one or more of the following methods: * A personal face-to-face interview which is recorded in a factual summarization on the CPS-1; * An audio tape recording of the interview. The tape should be preserved and may be either transcribed or summarized on the CPS-1 and filed in the case record; * An audio-visual taped recording of the interview. The tape should be preserved and may be either transcribed and placed in the investigation section of the case record or factually summarized on the CPS-1; * A written signed statement as provided by the witness. Such statements should be filed in the investigation section of the case record. Taped and written statements are particularly important as evidence in judicial proceedings where the witness attempts to recant an earlier statement made to the investigator. * The investigator will also obtain or generate a variety of documents / reports during the investigation process, which will serve as evidence to support an investigative conclusion. These statements will be used for judicial proceedings. Generated reports / documents include reports, forms, and records produced by CD staff. Obtained reports / documents include medical reports, psychological / psychiatric evaluations, police reports, written statements, etc. The investigator should take the following steps in obtaining and reviewing documents / reports that are to be used as evidence in a CA/N investigation: o Initial all pages of any original document the worker is allowed to view but not copy. This will assist the worker in identifying the document during judicial proceedings as one reviewed during the investigation 3. 1- The framework has been developed from existing practice, with contributions by adult protection lead managers throughout the country, [ and shaped in consultation and partnership with: Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI) Department of Health (DoH) Public Guardianship Office (PGO) Practitioner Alliance against Abuse of Vulnerable Adults (PAVA) Ann Craft Trust (ACT) VOICE UK ] 3. 2- Care provider such as Home Care Agency. Medical professionals such as GP, AE staff, nurses, doctors: they can examine, diagnose treat, they can record: this can include photographic evidence. An Expert Witness: this is a specialist within a subject such as paediatric, geriatrics, and psychiatrics. The local authority Social Services dept. would carry out an assessment of needs, this would include any unpaid carer of individual. Safeguarding Team, within Social Services dept. : investigates ensures safety, work with other agencies such as police. A Safeguarding Protection Officer would lead the Adult Protection Alert. Police: to investigate/prosecute, to work with other agencies, to provide support to victims, to raise awareness of crimes, crime prevention. Care Quality Commission to regulate inspect care providers. Independent Safeguarding Authority, this includes Vetting Barring Scheme, to safeguard protect vulnerable people before employment commences, incl CRB 3. 3- In March 2002, a 30-year-old woman with learning disabilities was admitted to Borders General Hospital in Scotland with multiple injuries as a result of sustained physical and sexual assaults. The abuse had been carried out at home and was perpetrated by three men, one of whom was her carer. ‘The case of the vulnerable adult’ is the term that the individual involved has asked to be used. Her identity is protected under rules giving anonymity to victims of rape. The woman had made allegations against one of the perpetrators as a child but agencies decided her mother could protect her. When her mother died, he was allowed to become her carer, making her sleep on a carpet in the hall at his home. He began taking the woman’s benefit money, deprived her of food and liquid and made her sit in the dark for long periods. Together with two friends he forced her to strip, shaved her head, sexually assaulted her and repeatedly stamped on her face and body. They also threw the woman over a fence, handcuffed her to a door and set fire to her clothing. The police, health and social services had been aware of allegations of abuse dating back to the woman’s childhood. These had been investigated and reported to the Procurator Fiscal but she was considered an unreliable witness due to her learning disability 3. 4- Policies and procedures, manager, care plans, local authority, training 4. 1- (a) Abuse is reduced by person centered values because institutional abuse often stems from things being done to people because its convenient for the staff. The individuals feelings and preferences are not considered. So, for example, a person requesting pain relief is left to wait because it isnt time for the medication to be administered or reviewed. Active participation means truly involving that person in their care so that choice, dignity and respect are addressed fully. Promoting choice and rights is also addressed by active participation and an accessible complaints procedure (which should be visible somewhere in the setting or may be included in a service users welcome pack) backs up that individuals rights. It means that the person knows who they can go to with a complaint or concern about any aspect of their treatment or care (b) Encouraging active participation builds self-esteem, and the person will refuse to tolerate abuse and will be inclined to report it, theyre also around other people which will help to build friendships in which they can share things they may tell one of them if abuse may happen and one of them may pass it on to help. (c) Promoting choice is to help control an abusive behaviour because it gives one an option to do one thing or the other. It allows people to grow closer together over time 4. 2- Complaints are good way of considering how well the services are provided, it also helps us to identify if there are any weaknesses e. g.  potential for abuse and neglect. A complaints procedure should be simple to follow because it encourages people to raise their concerns and it indicates that organization will respond to those concerns rather than ignoring them. If i ts too difficult to make a complaint the abuse is likely to continue. If its easy to make a complaint the abuse is likely to be dealt with sooner. On a bigger scale complaints make government to bring changes in their policies according to people demand 5. 1- poor manual handling, not keeping track if a client has taken their medication, not disposing of waste properly, every time a short cut is taken on a procedure. 5. 2- All unsafe practices need to be reported to the immediate supervisor so the person can be retrained or the condition remedied to prevent further damage 5. 3- You must go to the next superior in position. After you have reported the incident you still have a duty of care to your patient. If you feel that your patient is still at risk then speak with your line manager regarding your concerns. If you feel your line manager is not taking appropriate action, or you suspect your line manager of abusing a patient then most company policies would state that you would need to contact the regional manager. You would also need to contact an inspectorate body